jQuery is a fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library. It makes things like HTML document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation, and Ajax much simpler with an easy-to-use API that works across a multitude of browsers. It is the perfect tool to make web applications more dynamic by exchanging JSON between server and client.JSON itself is a very lightweight transport format, very similar to how Python primitives (numbers, strings, dicts and lists) look like which is widely supported and very easy to parse. It became popular a few years ago and quickly replaced XML as transport format in web applications.
One of the major and most important benefits of using jQuery versus other JavaScript libraries or interactive applications is that it does not take away from the visibility of web page content from the search engines. The problem with other applications (such as Flash), is that your content is lost if JavaScript is turned off in the user’s browser. Even though some of these other applications are getting better at being picked up by the search engines, they’re still not able to compete with the functionality of jQuery. jQuery is also very small, clean code that won’t bog down the loading time of web pages like Flash and other applications do.
AJAX stands for asynchronous JavaScript and XML. If you see another term XHR, which is shorthand for XML HTTP request, it’s the same thing. AJAX is not rocket science.
- In Gmail, switch from inbox to draft. Part of the page is changed, but the page is not refreshed. You remain on the same page. Url has not changed (except for the #draft at the end of the url, but that’s still the same webpage).
- In Google Reader, select a feed. The content changes, but you are not redirected to another url.
- In Google Maps, zoom in or zoom out. The map has changed, but you remain on the same page.
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The key to AJAX’s concept is “asynchronous”. This means something happens to the page after it’s loaded. Traditionally, when a page is loaded, the content remains the same until the user leaves the page. With AJAX, JavaScript grabs new content from the server and makes changes to the current page. This all happena within the lifetime of the page, no refresh or redirection is needed.
The XMLHttpRequest object is part of a technology called Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML). Using Ajax, data could then be passed between the browser and the server, using the XMLHttpRequest API, without having to reload the web page. With the widespread adoption of the XMLHttpRequest object it quickly became possible to build web applications like Google Maps, and Gmail that used XMLHttpRequest to get new map tiles, or new email without having to reload the entire page.
Ajax requests are triggered by JavaScript code; your code sends a request to a URL, and when it receives a response, a callback function can be triggered to handle the response. Because the request is asynchronous, the rest of your code continues to execute while the request is being processed, so it’s imperative that a callback be used to handle the response.
